My cheat sheet for commands I have trouble remembering.

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cheat-sheet

My cheat sheet for commands I have trouble remembering.

Converting Emails

EML to MBOX using eml2mbox (email2mbox-git on AUR)

cd /path/to/eml/files
eml2mbox

This creates .archive.mbox.

MBOX to HTML Threads using Mhonarc (mhonarc on AUR)

cd /path/to/.archive.mbox/file
mhonarc .archive.mbox

This creates threads.html and extracts all information into the directory.

File Management

List number of files (for instance, # of .mp4)

ls *.mp4 | cat -n

Compare Differences in two text files

diff file1 file2

Recursively Zip subdirectories into their own .zip files

for i in */; do zip -r "${i%/}.zip" "$i"; done

for i in */; do echo zip -r "${i%/}.zip" "$i"; done to see the commands ran

Rsync

rsync -avh --progress /sourcefile /destinationfolder/ Add --dry-run to test

LuksEncryption | cryptsetup

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 my_encrypted_volume

sudo mkdir /media/my_device
sudo mount /dev/mapper/my_encrypted_volume /media/my_device

sudo umount /media/my_device
sudo cryptsetup luksClose my_encrypted_volume

Find and copy files by extension recursively

find . -name '*.pdf' -exec cp -r {} /home/jpickard/pdffiles \;

7-Zip compression (p7zip)

7z a archivename.7z thingtobearchived

Compress and split files (6GB chunks in below example)

7z -v6g a ARCHIVE.7z DIRECTORY.OF.FILES

Recursively unzip

while [ "`find . -type f -name '*.zip' | wc -l`" -gt 0 ]; do find -type f -name "*.zip" -exec unzip -- '{}' \; -exec rm -- '{}' \;; done

tar.bz2

Let’s say you have an extra-large directory that you want to compress as much as possible. If tar.gz results in an over-sized file, try using tar.bz2 instead. Note that this option does take a little longer.

This archive method adds only one new option: -j, as shown in the following example:

tar -jcvf <archive name>.tar.bz2 /directory/to/compress OR tar -jcvf <archive name>.tar.bz2 ‘*.jpg’

Again, to extract a .tar.bz2 file, switch the -c for -x, as shown in the following examples:

tar -jxvf <archive name>.tar.bz2 OR tar -jxvf <archive name>.tar.bz2 -C /directory/to/extract/to/

Merge PDF files

Ghostscript

gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=mergedfile.pdf -dBATCH file1.pdf file2.pdf

ImageMagick

convert file1.pdf[0-1] file2.pdf mergedfile.pdf

Convert webp to JPG/PNG

dwebp mycat.webp -o mycat.png

ExifTool

List metadata of image

exiftool image.jpg

Remove metadata of image

exiftool -all= image.jpg /or/ exiftool -all= *.jpg

Recursively, overwriting the files

exiftool -overwrite_original -recurse -all= *.jpg

UFW

Examples

ufw status numbered
ufw delete 2
ufw allow from 192.168.1.10 to any port 22 proto tcp
ufw allow in on tailscal0 to interfaceip port 22 from otherdeviceip
ufw reset

vnstat/vnstati

Monitors network traffic and logs it. Man pages for others.

vnstat -i interface

vnstati -m -i tailscale0 -o test.png

Linux VLANs

sudo apt install vlan

Add the following lines to allow multiple VLANs to create routing tables:

echo "500 firsttable" | sudo tee -a /etc/iproute2/rt_tables

Load the 8021q kernel module:

sudo modprobe 8021q

Confirm the module is loaded:

$ lsmod | grep 8021q
8021q                  40960  0
garp                   16384  1 8021q
mrp                    20480  1 8021q

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

# Source custom network configuration files
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The first VLAN interface
auto eno1.503
iface eno1.503 inet static
    address 172.20.20.10
    netmask 255.255.255.240
    gateway 172.20.20.1
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

sudo ifup eno1.503

List ports Linux is listening on

sudo ss -tunlp

sudo lsof -nP -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN

List alive IPs on Network (nmap)

sudo nmap -n -sn 192.168.56.0/24 -oG - | awk '/Up$/{print $2}' | sort -V

arp-scan to get macs of network hosts

arp-scan --interface=eth0 192.168.1.0/24

Ping numerous IPs at once (using GNU Parallel)

parallel -u ping ::: host1 host2 host3

sudo mount -t nfs 10.10.0.10:/backups /var/backups

/etc/fstab

# <file system>     <dir>       <type>   <options>   <dump>	<pass>
10.10.0.10:/backups /var/backups  nfs      defaults    0       0

Merge video files with ffmpeg

$ cat files.txt
file 'file 1.mkv'
file 'file 2.mkv'
file 'file 3.mkv'
file 'file 4.mkv'

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i files.txt -c copy output.mkv

Split Video into 300 Second Chunks

ffmpeg -i fff.avi -acodec copy -f segment -segment_time 300 -vcodec copy -reset_timestamps 1 -map 0 fff%d.avi

Rotate Videos

ffmpeg -i in.mov -vf "transpose=1" out.mov

0 = 90CounterCLockwise and Vertical Flip (default) 
1 = 90Clockwise 
2 = 90CounterClockwise 
3 = 90Clockwise and Vertical Flip

Hylafax

Add Users

faxadduser -p password -u 1001 username (where 1001 is UID from /etc/group)

Send a Fax

sendfax -n -d 8643605 test // where test is a text document with content

Remove a fax from queue

faxrm jobid

Watch fax status

watch -n 2 faxstat -s

Linux

Users

Delete User

sudo deluser username

Add User with Specific UID

sudo adduser -u UIDNUMBER username

Add user to specific Group

sudo usermod -aG GROUP USERNAME

Journal

See usage space

du -sh /var/log/journal/

Clear Journal

sudo journalctl --rotate && sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=2d

Windows

Disable Microsoft Store

In secpol.msc, add a "New Software Restriction Policies", with the path rule C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.WindowsStore*

Get Interface MAC Easy

getmac /v

Batch rename extensions

ren *.* *.jpg

List usernames on machine

net user

Change user password

net user username newpassword

Disconnect from network drives/directories

net use * /del (Then restart service Workstation and check Credential Manager)

Create Directory and hide it

mkdir Pickard
attrib +s +h Pickard

Manage Processes

List Running Tasks

tasklist

Force Kill a Task

taskkill /IM JailTracker.exe /F

List Printers from CMD

wmic printer list brief

Clear Temporary files

rd %temp% /s /q

Add Persistent Static Route

route -p add 192.168.56.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.1 metric 1

route -p add NETWORK mask NETMASK GATEWAY metric 1

DISM

DISM /Online /Cleanup /CheckHealth DISM /Online /Cleanup /ScanHealth DISM /Online /Cleanup /RestoreHealth

Restart to BIOS (in C:\Windows\System32)

shutdown /r /fw /f /t 0

Data Recovery

ddrescue

Take an image of a drive and log:

sudo ddrescue /dev/sdb path/to/image.dd path/to/log.txt

Clone Disk A to Disk B:

sudo ddrescue --force --no-scrape /dev/sdA /dev/sdB path/to/log.txt

QEMU

Get disk information

qemu-img info disk.qcow2

Shrink .qcow2

qemu-img resize disk.qcow2 --shrink -10G

Import qcow2

sudo qm importdisk 101 disk.qcow2 localstorageplace

Convert VHDX to qcow2

qemu-img convert -O qcow2 /data/source.vhdx /data/output.qcow2 -p

ZFS

Fast ZFS Send with Netcat

Receiver: nc -w 120 -l -p 8023 | zfs receive zones/UUID Sender: zfs send zones/UUID@snapshot | nc -w 20 RECEIVERIPADDRESS 8023 If Incremental: zfs send -i zones/UUID@snapshot1 zones/UUID@snapshot2 | nc -w 20 RECEIVERIPADDRESS 8023

Take snapshot

zfs snapshot jailtracker/vm-2023-disk-2@2.8.24

Destroy snapshot

zfs destroy jailtracker/vm-2023-disk-2@2.8.24

Rollback to snapshot

zfs rollback jailtracker/vm-2023-disk-2@2.8.24

Random Other Things

QR of WiFi qrencode -s 10 -o wifi.png 'WIFI:S:"My WiFi Network";T:WPA;P:MyPassword123;;'

NTFY

Add to /etc/profile to get NTFY alerts on SSH logins:

if [ -n "$SSH_CLIENT" ]; then

NTFY="${USER}@$(hostname -f) from $(echo $SSH_CLIENT|awk '{print $1}')"

curl -s -H "Title: SSH Login" -d "$NTFY" ntfy.signal9.xyz/SSH > /dev/null

fi

journalctl

See all isc-dhcp-server logs since 2024-04-15 10:00:00: sudo journalctl -u isc-dhcp-server -S "2024-04-15 10:00:00"

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